| !Kung | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1950) [Nyai Nyae region]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1950) [Nyai Nyae region]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Herero | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Giriama | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Pokomo | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Copper Inuit | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1920) [Coronation Gulf]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1920) [Coronation Gulf]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Iglulik Inuit | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1920) [with special reference to the Aivilingmiut and Iglulingmiut]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1920) [with special reference to the Aivilingmiut and Iglulingmiut]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Nabesna | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Chugach | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Nunamiut | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Nunatsiarmiut | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1880)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1880)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Inughuit (Northern Greenland) | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1880)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1880)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Tlicho | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Délįne | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | DeneTha | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1860) [Lynx Point band, Fort Simpson]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1860) [Lynx Point band, Fort Simpson]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Dakelh | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1880) [with special reference to the Hwitsowitenne]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1880) [with special reference to the Hwitsowitenne]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Tareumiut | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1880)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1880)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Kutchin | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1880) [with special reference to the Tatlit of Peel River Kutchin]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1880) [with special reference to the Tatlit of Peel River Kutchin]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Caribou Inuit | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Labrador Inuit | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1890) [with special reference to the Koksoagmiu]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1890) [with special reference to the Koksoagmiu]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Meru | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1940) [To be distinguished from the tribe of the same name on the southeast slope f Mt. Mero, who are a branch of the Chagga]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1940) [To be distinguished from the tribe of the same name on the southeast slope f Mt. Mero, who are a branch of the Chagga]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Tasiilaq | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1880)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1880)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Kalaallit (West Greenland) | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1910) [with special reference to the inhabitants of the Egesminde District]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1910) [with special reference to the inhabitants of the Egesminde District]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Dena'ina | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1870) [with special reference to the Iliamna]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1870) [with special reference to the Iliamna]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Tahltan | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1870)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1870)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Sekani | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1880)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1880)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Beaver | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1850)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1850)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Dene | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1880)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1880)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Eastern Cree | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1850) [with special reference to those of Albany and Moose Creek]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1850) [with special reference to those of Albany and Moose Creek]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Montagnais | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1880) [Lake St. John & Mistassini Band]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1880) [Lake St. John & Mistassini Band]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Northern Saulteaux | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1870) [Berens River band]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1870) [Berens River band]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Pare | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1890)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1890)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Pekangekum | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1940) [a band of Northern Saulteaux very closely akin to Na33 (Berens River band) but described as of a much more recent date]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1940) [a band of Northern Saulteaux very closely akin to Na33 (Berens River band) but described as of a much more recent date]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Nipigon | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1800)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1800)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Minnesota Ojibwa | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1860) [with special reference to the Red Lake and White Earth bands]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        16-25%
                        
                            (1860) [with special reference to the Red Lake and White Earth bands]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Rainy River Ojibwe | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1880)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1880)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Katikitegon | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1800) [with special reference to the Lac Vieux Desert band]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1800) [with special reference to the Lac Vieux Desert band]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Eastern Ojibwa | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1870) [with special reference to the Kitchibuan of Parry Island]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1870) [with special reference to the Kitchibuan of Parry Island]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Kaska | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1920) [Upper Liard and Dease River Group]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1920) [Upper Liard and Dease River Group]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Ottawa | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1650)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        26-35%
                        
                            (1650)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Mi'kmaq | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1700) [Mainland division]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1700) [Mainland division]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Potawatomi | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1760) [Prairie Potawatomi]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        26-35%
                        
                            (1760) [Prairie Potawatomi]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Teita | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1940)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1940)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Netsilik | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Nunavimmiut | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Mistissini Cree | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Naskapi | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1890) [with special reference to the northern bands (Barren Ground, Ungava, White Whale River)]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1890) [with special reference to the northern bands (Barren Ground, Ungava, White Whale River)]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Nunivak | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Attawapiskat Cree | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1900) [with special reference to the Attawapiskat Swampy Cree]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1900) [with special reference to the Attawapiskat Swampy Cree]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Deg Xit'an | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1880) [Shageluk Village]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1880) [Shageluk Village]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Aleut | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1830) [Unalaska Branch (Eastern Aleut)]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1830) [Unalaska Branch (Eastern Aleut)]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Haida | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1890) [Masset Town]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1890) [Masset Town]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Alkatcho | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1865)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1865)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Kara | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Nuu chah nulth | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1880) [with special reference to the Central Nootka]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1880) [with special reference to the Central Nootka]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Klahoose | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1880)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1880)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Squamish | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1880)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1880)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Comox | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1880)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1880)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Lummi | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1880)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1880)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Klallam | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Puyallup | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1870)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1870)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Quileute | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1880)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1880)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Lower Chinook | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1850)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1850)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Twana | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1850) [Twana Tribe]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1850) [Twana Tribe]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Sonjo | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Elite stratification
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        76-85%
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Tillamook | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1870)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1870)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Coos | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Tlingit | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1880) [with special reference to the Chilkat]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1880) [with special reference to the Chilkat]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Heiltsuk | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1880)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1880)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Makah | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Quinault | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Cowichan | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1880)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1880)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Stó:lō | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1880) [with special reference to the Tait]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1880) [with special reference to the Tait]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Alsea | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Siuslaw | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Kikuyu | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1930) [Fort Hall or Metume district]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1930) [Fort Hall or Metume district]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Kwakwaka'wakw | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1890)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1890)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Takelma | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Tututni | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1870)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1870)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Shasta | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1860) [with special reference to the Shastika or eastern Shasta]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1860) [with special reference to the Shastika or eastern Shasta]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Chimariko | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Karuk | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Hupa | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Wiyot | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Lassik | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Mattole-Bear River | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1860) [with special reference to the inhabitants of the Bear River]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1860) [with special reference to the inhabitants of the Bear River]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Pondo Xhosa | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1936)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1936)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Sinkyone | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Yurok | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1850)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1850)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Eyak | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1890) [Eyak Tribe]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1890) [Eyak Tribe]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Tolowa | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1870)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1870)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Tsimshian | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1880)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1880)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Haisla | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1880)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1880)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Nuxalk | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1880) [Central group, lower B.C. River]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1880) [Central group, lower B.C. River]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Nomlaki | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1850)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1850)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Achumawi | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Yana | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Vugusu | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Maidu | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1850) [with special reference to the Northeastern Mountain Maidu]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1850) [with special reference to the Northeastern Mountain Maidu]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Nisenan | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1850) [with special reference to the Hill and Mountain Nisenan]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1850) [with special reference to the Hill and Mountain Nisenan]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Wintu | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1860) [with special reference to the northeastern Wintu]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1860) [with special reference to the northeastern Wintu]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Coast Yuki | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Huchnom | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Eastern Pomo | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1860) [Clear Lake, Village of Cignon]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1860) [Clear Lake, Village of Cignon]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Southern Pomo | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1860) [with special reference to those near Santa Rosa]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1860) [with special reference to those near Santa Rosa]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Tübalulabal | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1850)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1850)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Haya | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Lake Miwok | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Patwin | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1850) [with special reference to the Hill Patwin]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1850) [with special reference to the Hill Patwin]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Western Mono | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1870)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1870)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Southern Valley Yokuts | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1860) [Tulare Lake]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1860) [Tulare Lake]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Wukchumni | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Salinan | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1770)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1770)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Kawaiisu | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Chumash | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1800)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1800)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Tongva | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1770)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1770)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Northern Foothill Yokuts | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1850) [with special reference to those of the Northern Foothills]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1850) [with special reference to those of the Northern Foothills]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Kerewe | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        36-45%
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Serrano | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1870)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1870)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Cahuilla (Desert) | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1870) [with special reference to the Desert Cahuilla]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1870) [with special reference to the Desert Cahuilla]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Cupeño | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1870)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1870)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Luiseño | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Kiliwa | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1880)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1880)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Atsugewi | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Central Sierra Miwok | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1850) [with special reference to the Central Sierra group]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1850) [with special reference to the Central Sierra group]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Kumeyaay | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1850) [with special reference to the Southern Diegueno]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1850) [with special reference to the Southern Diegueno]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Yuki | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1850)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1850)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Klamath | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1860) [Klamath Tribe]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1860) [Klamath Tribe]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Konjo | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Modoc | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Tenino | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1850)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1850)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Nlaka'pamux | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Shuswap | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1850) [with special reference to the southeastern Shuswap]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1850) [with special reference to the southeastern Shuswap]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Bitterroot Salish | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Kalispel | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Coeur d’Alene | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Sinkaitk | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1880)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1880)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Wenatchi | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1870)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1870)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Klikitat | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1870)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1870)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Nyankole | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Elite stratification
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Wishram | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Umatilla | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Southern Ute | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Nez Perce | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1850)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1850)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Tagotoka | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1870)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1870)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Wadadokado | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1870) [Wadadika of Harney Valley]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1870) [Wadadika of Harney Valley]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Atsakudokwa | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1870)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1870)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Kidutokado | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1870)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1870)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Sawakudokwa | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1870)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1870)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Soga | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Kuyuidokado | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Toedokado | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1870)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1870)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Tunava (Deep Springs and Fish Lake) | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1870) [including the Deep Springs Valley and Fish Lake Valley groups]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1870) [including the Deep Springs Valley and Fish Lake Valley groups]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Havasupai | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1870) [Havasupai Tribe]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1870) [Havasupai Tribe]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Eastern Mono | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1870)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1870)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Koso | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1850)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        6-15%
                        
                            (1850)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Tümpisa Shoshone (Saline and Panamint) | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1850) [with special reference to those of Saline Valley]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1850) [with special reference to those of Saline Valley]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Beatty | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1870) [including the Belted Range group]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1870) [including the Belted Range group]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Lida Shoshoni | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1870)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1870)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Mahaguaduka | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1870)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        6-15%
                        
                            (1870)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Sumbwa | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        76-85%
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Wiyambituka | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1870)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1870)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Railroad Valley Shoshoni | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1870)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1870)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Ely Shoshoni | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1870)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        6-15%
                        
                            (1870)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Sanpoil | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1870)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1870)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Tubaduka | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1870)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1870)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Wadaduka | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1870)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1870)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Elko Shoshoni | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1870) [including the Carlin, Halleck, and Wells groups]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1870) [including the Carlin, Halleck, and Wells groups]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | White Knife Shoshoni | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Yahanduka | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1850)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1850)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Toro | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Bohogue | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Tukudika | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1850)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1850)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Agaiduka | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Gosiute | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1860) [with special reference to those of Deep Creek]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1860) [with special reference to those of Deep Creek]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Antarianunts | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1860) [including the Kaiparowits band]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1860) [including the Kaiparowits band]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Hukundika | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1870)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1870)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Panguitch | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Moapa | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Shivwits | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1860) [including the Suwuntsu (St. George), Gunlock, and Uinkaret groups of Southern Paiute]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        6-15%
                        
                            (1860) [including the Suwuntsu (St. George), Gunlock, and Uinkaret groups of Southern Paiute]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Southern Paiute (Kaibab) | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Southern Paiute (Las Vegas) | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1860) [including the Pahrump, Ash Medows, and Tule Springs groups]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        6-15%
                        
                            (1860) [including the Pahrump, Ash Medows, and Tule Springs groups]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Zinza | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Chemehuevi | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1860) [Colorado River Reservation]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        6-15%
                        
                            (1860) [Colorado River Reservation]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | San Juan | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        6-15%
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Pahvant | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Uintah Ute | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Moanunts | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Washo | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1850)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1850)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Moache | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Taviwatsiu | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Uncompahgre Ute | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Xhosa Ngqika | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1850)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1850)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Mbugwe | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1940)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        36-45%
                        
                            (1940)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Bannock | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1860) [with special reference to the Eastern Bannock]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1860) [with special reference to the Eastern Bannock]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Wind River Eastern Shoshone | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1860) [with special reference to the Kucundika]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1860) [with special reference to the Kucundika]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Hualapai | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1870)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1870)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Yavapai | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1870) [with exdlusive reference to the Northeastern Yavapai]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1870) [with exdlusive reference to the Northeastern Yavapai]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Tolkepaya | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1870)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        6-15%
                        
                            (1870)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Kutenai | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1880) [Lower or eastern branch]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1880) [Lower or eastern branch]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Chilcotin | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1880) [with special reference to the Alexis Creek and Redstone bands]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1880) [with special reference to the Alexis Creek and Redstone bands]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Lillooet | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Gros Ventre | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1880) [Gros Ventre Tribe]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1880) [Gros Ventre Tribe]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Kaguru | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1900) [with special reference to the Mountain Kaguru]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1900) [with special reference to the Mountain Kaguru]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Assiniboine | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1870)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1870)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Blackfoot | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1850)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1850)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Kainai | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1850)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1850)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Bungi | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1850)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1850)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Hidatsa | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1860) [Hidatsa Village]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1860) [Hidatsa Village]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Karankawa | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1800)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1800)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Kiowa | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Piegan | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1850)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1850)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Plains Cree | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1850)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1850)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Kiowa Apache | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1870)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1870)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Ngulu | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Santee | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1850)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        6-15%
                        
                            (1850)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Comanche | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1870) [Comanche Tribe]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1870) [Comanche Tribe]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Crow | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1870)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1870)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Cheyenne | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Mandan | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1830)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1830)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Sarcee | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1880)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1880)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Teton | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1870)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1870)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Arapaho | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Nyakyusa | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1930) [Age villages of Mwaya and Masoko]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1930) [Age villages of Mwaya and Masoko]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Iowa | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1870)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1870)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Otoe | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1870)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        36-45%
                        
                            (1870)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Ponca | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1850)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        26-35%
                        
                            (1850)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Shawnee | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1820) [with special reference to the Kiskopotha band]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        26-35%
                        
                            (1820) [with special reference to the Kiskopotha band]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Caddo | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Elite stratification
                        
                            
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        36-45%
                        
                            
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Ho Chunk | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1850)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        26-35%
                        
                            (1850)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Omaha | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1850) [Omaha Tribe]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        36-45%
                        
                            (1850) [Omaha Tribe]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Myaamia | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1720)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        36-45%
                        
                            (1720)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Wichita | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Ganda | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1880) [Kyaddondo district (V: Kampala)]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1880) [Kyaddondo district (V: Kampala)]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Pawnee | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1867) [Skidi Band or subtribe]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1867) [Skidi Band or subtribe]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Fox | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1830) [Tama Reservation]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        36-45%
                        
                            (1830) [Tama Reservation]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Hasinai | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1770)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1770)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Menominee | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1870)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        16-25%
                        
                            (1870)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Huron | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1640) [Bear and Cord Subtribes]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1640) [Bear and Cord Subtribes]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Seneca | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1750) [with special reference to the Seneca tribe]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        36-45%
                        
                            (1750) [with special reference to the Seneca tribe]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Yuchi | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1750)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1750)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Choctaw | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1760)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        36-45%
                        
                            (1760)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Hehe | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1910) [with special reference to the northern or Iringa group]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1910) [with special reference to the northern or Iringa group]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Muscogee | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1750) [Upper division in Alabama]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        36-45%
                        
                            (1750) [Upper division in Alabama]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Penobscot | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        16-25%
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Cherokee | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1750)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1750)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Delaware | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1700) [with special reference to the Munsee]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        36-45%
                        
                            (1700) [with special reference to the Munsee]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Natchez | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Elite stratification
                        
                            (1700) [Natchez Kingdom]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1700) [Natchez Kingdom]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Timucua | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1560)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        36-45%
                        
                            (1560)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Catawba | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Chiricahua | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1880) [Central band]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1880) [Central band]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Gisu | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Isleta | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | San Ildefonso | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1900) [with special reference to the pueblo of San Ildefonso]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        76-85%
                        
                            (1900) [with special reference to the pueblo of San Ildefonso]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Santa Ana | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Acoma | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Laguna | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Mescalero | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1870)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        6-15%
                        
                            (1870)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Jicarilla | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1870) [Jicarilla Reservation, Dulce, New Mexico]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        16-25%
                        
                            (1870) [Jicarilla Reservation, Dulce, New Mexico]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Western Apache | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1870)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        26-35%
                        
                            (1870)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Hopi | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1920) [Old Oraiibi]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1920) [Old Oraiibi]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Cocopa | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1850)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        36-45%
                        
                            (1850)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Amba | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1950) [with special reference to those of Bwamba in Uganda]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1950) [with special reference to those of Bwamba in Uganda]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Hano | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Kamia | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        36-45%
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Mojave | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1850) [Fort Mohave and Colorado River Reservation]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        36-45%
                        
                            (1850) [Fort Mohave and Colorado River Reservation]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Quechan | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Kewyipaya | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1870)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        6-15%
                        
                            (1870)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Lipan Apache | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1880)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1880)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Sia | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Navajo | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        36-45%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Banyaruanda | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Complex stratification
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Zuni | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1910) [Pueblo]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        76-85%
                        
                            (1910) [Pueblo]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Maricopa | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1850)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        26-35%
                        
                            (1850)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Taos | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1890)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1890)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Cochiti | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1890)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1890)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Jemez | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Picuris | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Tarahumara | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Tohono O'odham | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Huichol | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1920) [Huichol Tribe]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1920) [Huichol Tribe]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Seri | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Songola | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        16-25%
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Chichimeca | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1570)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1570)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Pima | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1840)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1840)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Yaqui | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1870)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1870)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Zulu | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1830)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1830)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Duala | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1940)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1940)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Aztec | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Complex stratification
                        
                            (1520) [City & environs of Tenochtitlan]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1520) [City & environs of Tenochtitlan]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Sierra Popoluca | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1940) [Town and environs of Soteapan]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        76-85%
                        
                            (1940) [Town and environs of Soteapan]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Huave | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1950) [with special reference to San Mateo]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        36-45%
                        
                            (1950) [with special reference to San Mateo]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Tarasco | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1500)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1500)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Tlaxcalans | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1960)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        76-85%
                        
                            (1960)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Guna | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1940) [San Blas Archipelago]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1940) [San Blas Archipelago]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Bashi | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Lacandon | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Kaqchikel | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1880)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        76-85%
                        
                            (1880)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Lenca | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1948)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1948)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | K'iche' | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1930) [Town of Chichicastenango]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        86-100%
                        
                            (1930) [Town of Chichicastenango]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Ch'orti' | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Complex stratification
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Ha | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Emberá | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1960) [with special reference to those of Panama]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1960) [with special reference to those of Panama]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Bribri | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Yucatec Maya | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Complex stratification
                        
                            (1520)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1520)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Garifuna | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1940)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1940)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Mam | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1930) [with special reference to the village of Santiago Chimaltenango]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        86-100%
                        
                            (1930) [with special reference to the village of Santiago Chimaltenango]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Miskito | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1920) [Vicinity: Cape Gracias a Dios]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        16-25%
                        
                            (1920) [Vicinity: Cape Gracias a Dios]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Callinago | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1650) [Dominica Island]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        36-45%
                        
                            (1650) [Dominica Island]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Cágaba | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1940)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        76-85%
                        
                            (1940)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Cariña | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1950) [with special reference to the Cachama group]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        76-85%
                        
                            (1950) [with special reference to the Cachama group]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Hunde | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Complex stratification
                        
                            (1940)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1940)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Paraujano | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Wayuu | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1940) [Goajiro Tribe]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        6-15%
                        
                            (1940) [Goajiro Tribe]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Yupa | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1950) [with special reference to the Pariri]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1950) [with special reference to the Pariri]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Taíno | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1520)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1520)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Haitians | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Complex stratification
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        76-85%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Warao | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        6-15%
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Lokono | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Camaracoto | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Macushi | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Panare | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Taulípang | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        36-45%
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Ye'kuana | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1920) [with special reference to the Makitare]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        26-35%
                        
                            (1920) [with special reference to the Makitare]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Piapoco | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Ndyuka | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1960)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        76-85%
                        
                            (1960)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Pumé | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        36-45%
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Barama River Carib | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1930) [Barama River]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        36-45%
                        
                            (1930) [Barama River]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Guahibo | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1950) [with special reference to the non-agricultural groups]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        36-45%
                        
                            (1950) [with special reference to the non-agricultural groups]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Wapishana | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        36-45%
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Saramaccan  | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1920) [Upper Suriname River; Akwa on Morini River]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1920) [Upper Suriname River; Akwa on Morini River]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Rega | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Yabarana | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        36-45%
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Piaroa | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        6-15%
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Curripaco | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Munduruku | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1950) [Cabrura village]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        36-45%
                        
                            (1950) [Cabrura village]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Tapirapé | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Palikur | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Guaica | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        16-25%
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Sateré Mawé | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Shiriana | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1960)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1960)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Wai-wai | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Songye | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Sanema | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        16-25%
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Yanomami | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1965) [Shamatari Tribe; Bisaasi-teri]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        86-100%
                        
                            (1965) [Shamatari Tribe; Bisaasi-teri]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Sirionó | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1940) [Vicinity of the Rio Blanco]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        6-15%
                        
                            (1940) [Vicinity of the Rio Blanco]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Cocama | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1670)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        36-45%
                        
                            (1670)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Chácobo | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1960)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        36-45%
                        
                            (1960)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Ticuna | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1940)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        36-45%
                        
                            (1940)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Shuar | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Yagua | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1940)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        36-45%
                        
                            (1940)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Cubeo | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1940) [Village on Caduiari River]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1940) [Village on Caduiari River]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Garanganze | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Witoto | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        36-45%
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Camba | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Elite stratification
                        
                            (1950) [a mestizo group in lowland Bolivia]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1950) [a mestizo group in lowland Bolivia]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Amahuaca | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1950) [Upper Inuya River]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1950) [Upper Inuya River]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Shipibo-Conibo | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        26-35%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Inca | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Complex stratification
                        
                            (1530) [City and environs of Cuzco]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1530) [City and environs of Cuzco]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Aymara | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1940) [Chucuito Clan community in Peru]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1940) [Chucuito Clan community in Peru]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Chachi | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1910) [Rio Cayapas Basin]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1910) [Rio Cayapas Basin]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | U'wa | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Muisca | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1540)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        76-85%
                        
                            (1540)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Kpe | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Asháninka | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Yahgan | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1870) [Eastern and central]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1870) [Eastern and central]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Mapuche | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1880) [Cholchol]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1880) [Cholchol]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Ona | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1880) [with special reference to the Shelknam]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1880) [with special reference to the Shelknam]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Tehuelche | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1870) [Equestrian]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1870) [Equestrian]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Alacaluf | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1900) [with special reference to the southern bands]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1900) [with special reference to the southern bands]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Wichí | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        6-15%
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Terena | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1850)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        26-35%
                        
                            (1850)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Ekonda | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1940)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1940)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Abipón | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1800) [Those in contact with mission]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1800) [Those in contact with mission]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Kadiwéu | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1940)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        16-25%
                        
                            (1940)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Choroti | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        6-15%
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Chamacoco | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1890)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1890)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Toba | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1964) [with special reference to those of the Argentine Chaco]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        26-35%
                        
                            (1964) [with special reference to those of the Argentine Chaco]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Lengua | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1890) [Those in contact with mission]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        6-15%
                        
                            (1890) [Those in contact with mission]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Bororo | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1920) [Kejara]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1920) [Kejara]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Kuikuru | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Trumai | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1930) [Village of Vanivani]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        36-45%
                        
                            (1930) [Village of Vanivani]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Tswana | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Elite stratification
                        
                            (1880) [with special reference to the Kgatla (Bakxatla)]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1880) [with special reference to the Kgatla (Bakxatla)]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Kela | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Bacairi | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1940) [Simao Lopes]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1940) [Simao Lopes]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Nambikwara | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1940) [Cocozu Group]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        16-25%
                        
                            (1940) [Cocozu Group]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Kamayurá | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1940)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        36-45%
                        
                            (1940)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Guató | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        6-15%
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Paresi | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1910) [with special reference to the Cozarimi]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1910) [with special reference to the Cozarimi]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Umotina | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1940)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1940)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Carajá | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        16-25%
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Cayua | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1950) [Taquapiri]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1950) [Taquapiri]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Shavante | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1958) [Village of Sao Domingo]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        16-25%
                        
                            (1958) [Village of Sao Domingo]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Kutsu | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1900) [with special reference to the Bankutu]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1900) [with special reference to the Bankutu]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Sherente | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1850)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        36-45%
                        
                            (1850)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Aweikoma | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1910) [Duque de Caxias Reservation]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1910) [Duque de Caxias Reservation]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Canela | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1930) [Ramcocamecra or Canella]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        36-45%
                        
                            (1930) [Ramcocamecra or Canella]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Aimoré | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1880) [Naknenuk subtribe]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1880) [Naknenuk subtribe]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Tenetehara | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1930) [with special reference to the Guajajara subgroup]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1930) [with special reference to the Guajajara subgroup]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Apinaye | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Tupinambá | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1600) [Hinterland of Rio de Janeiro]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        36-45%
                        
                            (1600) [Hinterland of Rio de Janeiro]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Kayapo | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Lalia | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Mongo | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Tetela | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1920) [with special reference to the northern Tetela]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1920) [with special reference to the northern Tetela]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Topoke | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Ngala | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        36-45%
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Poto | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        16-25%
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Fang | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Lovedu | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Bira | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        86-100%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Budu | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Kumu | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Ndaka Babali | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Plains Bira | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Rumbi | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Bombesa | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        76-85%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Budja | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Ndoko | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        76-85%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Ngombe | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Pedi | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Nkundo | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1930) [Ilanga group]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1930) [Ilanga group]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Kota | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1940)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1940)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Ngumba | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Sanga | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Bubi | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Kundu | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Puku | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Bafia | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Bamileke | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        76-85%
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Bamum | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Banen | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1940) [Ndiki subtribe]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1940) [Ndiki subtribe]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Nsaw | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        76-85%
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Tikar | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        76-85%
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Widikum | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1950) [with special reference to the Ngie subtribe]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1950) [with special reference to the Ngie subtribe]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Luba | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1930) [with special reference to the Bena Kalundwe]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        36-45%
                        
                            (1930) [with special reference to the Bena Kalundwe]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Baboa | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Rundi | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Complex stratification
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Fut | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        76-85%
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Fon | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1890) [City and environs of Abomey]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1890) [City and environs of Abomey]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Igbo | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        86-100%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Toma | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Ebira | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Kpelle | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Banyang | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Efik | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Kissi | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        86-100%
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Ibibio | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Ijaw | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1920) [with special reference to the Kalabari]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1920) [with special reference to the Kalabari]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Dorobo | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1920) [with special reference to Central Dorobo]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1920) [with special reference to Central Dorobo]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Ambo | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1910) [with special reference to the Kuanyama]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1910) [with special reference to the Kuanyama]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Itsekiri | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1940)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        16-25%
                        
                            (1940)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Afikpo | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1950) [with special reference to the village of Mgbom]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1950) [with special reference to the village of Mgbom]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Edo | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Isoko | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Kukuruku | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1900) [with special reference to the Etsako]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1900) [with special reference to the Etsako]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Eloyi | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Idoma | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Ashanti | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1900) [Kumasi State]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1900) [Kumasi State]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Swazi | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1880)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1880)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Koro | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1960) [with special reference to the Lafia]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1960) [with special reference to the Lafia]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Egba | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1920) [Abeouta Province and Benin]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        76-85%
                        
                            (1920) [Abeouta Province and Benin]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Ekiti | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1950) [Ekiti Division, Ondo Prov.]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1950) [Ekiti Division, Ondo Prov.]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Ife | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1930) [Ife Ilesha Division, Oyo Prov.]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        86-100%
                        
                            (1930) [Ife Ilesha Division, Oyo Prov.]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Ewe | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1900) [with special reference to the Glidyi]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1900) [with special reference to the Glidyi]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Buem | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1900) [with special reference to the Akpafu]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1900) [with special reference to the Akpafu]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Anyi | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1900) [with special reference to the Ndenie]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        76-85%
                        
                            (1900) [with special reference to the Ndenie]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Yako | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Ngumbi | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1880)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1880)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Assini | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1890) [with special reference to the Abure (Akapless, Asoko, Esuma)]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1890) [with special reference to the Abure (Akapless, Asoko, Esuma)]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Attie | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Elite stratification
                        
                            (1890)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        76-85%
                        
                            (1890)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Fante | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Alagya | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        6-15%
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Avikam | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        36-45%
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Krahn | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1940)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1940)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Sapo | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1940)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1940)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Kisama | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Mende | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Gagu | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Guro | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Gbande | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Gola | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Oyo Yoruba | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Complex stratification
                        
                            (1950) [Yoruba, with special reference to the Oyo]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        76-85%
                        
                            (1950) [Yoruba, with special reference to the Oyo]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Bete | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Nupe | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Complex stratification
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Baule | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Bambara | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1920) [Segou to Bamako on Niger River]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1920) [Segou to Bamako on Niger River]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Konkomba | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1940)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1940)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Lobi | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Nankanse | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Baga | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Balanta | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Banyun | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Biafada | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Elite stratification
                        
                            (1940)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1940)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Bijogo | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Diola | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1930) [with special reference to the Felup]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        36-45%
                        
                            (1930) [with special reference to the Felup]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Mossi (Yatenga) | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Complex stratification
                        
                            (1950) [with special reference to Massi (Moshi) of Yatenga; (for those of Ouagadougou, see Ag47)]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1950) [with special reference to Massi (Moshi) of Yatenga; (for those of Ouagadougou, see Ag47)]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Papel | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Bassari | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Serer | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1920) [with special reference to those of Sine]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1920) [with special reference to those of Sine]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Kasonke | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Lozi | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1890) [Ruling Luyana]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        36-45%
                        
                            (1890) [Ruling Luyana]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Soninke | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Diula | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Nononke | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Complex stratification
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Dogon | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Bobo | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Minianka | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Senufo | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Tsonga | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Dorosie | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Kulango | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Awuna | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Builsa | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Dagara | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Tallensi | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1930) [Tallensi Tribe]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1930) [Tallensi Tribe]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Isala | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Kusasi | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Mbundu | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Nunuma | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Dagomba | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        76-85%
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Gurma | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1930) [with special reference to those in the Diapaga region]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1930) [with special reference to those in the Diapaga region]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Mossi (Ouagadougou) | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1900) [with special reference to those of Ouagadougou (see Ag2 for those of Yatenga)]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1900) [with special reference to those of Ouagadougou (see Ag2 for those of Yatenga)]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Basari | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1890)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1890)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Kabre | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Birifor | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Moba | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Venda | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Somba | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1940)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1940)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Yalunka | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        76-85%
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Futajalonke | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1890)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1890)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Bozo | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        26-35%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Coniagui | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1910) [with special reference to the Coniagui]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1910) [with special reference to the Coniagui]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Malinke | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Katab | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1930) [Zaria Province]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1930) [Zaria Province]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Chawai | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Nama | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1840) [Gei/Khauan tribe]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1840) [Gei/Khauan tribe]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Nyaneka | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1920) [Banianeka, Munyaneka, Ovanyaneka, Vanyaneka]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        36-45%
                        
                            (1920) [Banianeka, Munyaneka, Ovanyaneka, Vanyaneka]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Dakakari | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1930) [with special reference to the Liliwa]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1930) [with special reference to the Liliwa]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Kamuku | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Reshe | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Angas | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Adara | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Jukun | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Sotho | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1860) [Basuto]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1860) [Basuto]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Kagoro | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Yergum | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        76-85%
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Kentu | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Tigon | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Ndoro | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Chamba | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1920) [with special reference to the Lekon subtribe]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1920) [with special reference to the Lekon subtribe]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Daka | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        76-85%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Ndebele | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Elite stratification
                        
                            (1870)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1870)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Tiv | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1920) [Tar of Benue Province]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1920) [Tar of Benue Province]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Longuda | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Mumuye | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Vere | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Yungur | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Bata | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1920) [with special reference to the Malabu]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        76-85%
                        
                            (1920) [with special reference to the Malabu]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Bura | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Gude | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        76-85%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Hwana | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Kapsiki | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        76-85%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Ila | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Podokwo | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        76-85%
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Mambila | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        76-85%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Margi | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Gure | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Mafa | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1940)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        86-100%
                        
                            (1940)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Bafute | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Anaguta | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Banda | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Otoro | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1940) [Nuba Hills]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1940) [Nuba Hills]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Mangbetu | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Chewa | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Fali | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Laka | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Kotoko | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1880)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        36-45%
                        
                            (1880)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Nyaro | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1940)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1940)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Tupuri | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Luvale | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Bagirmi | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1880)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1880)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Sara | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1890)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1890)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Bwaka | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        86-100%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Mandja | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        86-100%
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Mbandja | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Ngbandi | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Popoi | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Lendu | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Azande | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Chokwe | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Lese | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Logo | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Lugbara | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Madi | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1940)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        36-45%
                        
                            (1940)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Moru | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1880)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1880)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Bongo | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1870)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1870)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Jur | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Koalib | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1940)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        76-85%
                        
                            (1940)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Korongo | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Mesakin | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1940)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1940)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Tonga | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        36-45%
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Moro | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1940)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1940)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Tira | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Tullishi | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1940)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1940)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Nyimang | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Anuak | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Koma | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Mao | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1939) [Northern division]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1939) [Northern division]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Mamvu | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Bakongo | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Shilluk | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Complex stratification
                        
                            (1900) [Shilluk Kingdom]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1900) [Shilluk Kingdom]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Gbaya | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Dilling | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Masa | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1910) [Around Yagoua in Cameroon]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1910) [Around Yagoua in Cameroon]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Teso | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Acholi | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Dinka | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        26-35%
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Lotuko | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        36-45%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Pojulu | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Elite stratification
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Kakwa | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1931)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        76-85%
                        
                            (1931)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Mbala | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Kuku | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Elite stratification
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Mondari | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1930) [with special reference to the Riverain Mondari]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1930) [with special reference to the Riverain Mondari]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Alur | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1890)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1890)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Didinga | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        36-45%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Maasi | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1900) [Kisonko or Southern Masai of Tanzania]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1900) [Kisonko or Southern Masai of Tanzania]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Jie | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Plains Suk | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        26-35%
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Bergdama | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Keyu | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        36-45%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Hill Suk | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Tatoga | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1940)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        16-25%
                        
                            (1940)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Samburu | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Nuer | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        36-45%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Lango | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Suku | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1910) [Feshi territory lineage center]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1910) [Feshi territory lineage center]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Turkana | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        36-45%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Luo | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1940)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1940)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Nandi | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Bari | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Kipsigis | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Konso | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1930) [Town of Buso]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        76-85%
                        
                            (1930) [Town of Buso]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Somali (Esa) | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1880)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        6-15%
                        
                            (1880)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Arusi | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1890)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        36-45%
                        
                            (1890)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Gibe | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1880)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1880)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Burji | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Tsamai | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Banna | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        36-45%
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Somali (Dolbahanta) | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1950) [Dolbahanta clan or subtribe]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        6-15%
                        
                            (1950) [Dolbahanta clan or subtribe]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Hamar | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        36-45%
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Male | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Anfillo | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Elite stratification
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Basketo | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Yem | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        76-85%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Tigrinya | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Complex stratification
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Kafa | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1890) [Kafa Kingdom]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1890) [Kafa Kingdom]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Beta Israel | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Pende | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Nara | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Kunama | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Beni-Amer | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Elite stratification
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        6-15%
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Blin | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Elite stratification
                        
                            (1850) [Bogo Tribe]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        6-15%
                        
                            (1850) [Bogo Tribe]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Tigre | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Elite stratification
                        
                            (1860) [with special reference to the Maria (Marea, Marya) subtribe in the north]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        16-25%
                        
                            (1860) [with special reference to the Maria (Marea, Marya) subtribe in the north]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Jimma | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Complex stratification
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Iraqw | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Baditu | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        76-85%
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Dorse | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        76-85%
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Shako | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Bisharin | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        16-25%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Afar | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1880)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1880)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Amhara | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Complex stratification
                        
                            (1950) [Gondar district]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1950) [Gondar district]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Maguzawa | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1940)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1940)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Karekare | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Bunda | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Messiria Humr | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1940) [with special reference to the Humr]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        26-35%
                        
                            (1940) [with special reference to the Humr]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Fur | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1880) [Jebel Marra]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1880) [Jebel Marra]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Kanembu | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Kanuri | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1870)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1870)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Wolof | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Complex stratification
                        
                            (1950) [Upper and lower Salum in Gambia]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1950) [Upper and lower Salum in Gambia]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Djafun | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        6-15%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Liptako | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Elite stratification
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Tukulor | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Wodaabe Fulani | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1950) [Wodaabe of Niger]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        6-15%
                        
                            (1950) [Wodaabe of Niger]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Tazarawa Hausa | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Zazzagawa Hausa | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Complex stratification
                        
                            (1950) [Zazzagawa of Zaria]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1950) [Zazzagawa of Zaria]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Lele | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1950) [with special reference to the western Lele]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1950) [with special reference to the western Lele]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Songhai | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Complex stratification
                        
                            (1940) [Bamba division]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1940) [Bamba division]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Hasania | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Buduma | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        6-15%
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Tera | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Bolewa | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Bororo Fulani | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1920) [with special reference to the Bororo Fulani of Skoto]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        16-25%
                        
                            (1920) [with special reference to the Bororo Fulani of Skoto]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Hausa Kanawa | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1940) [Hausa, with special reference to the Kanawa]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1940) [Hausa, with special reference to the Kanawa]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Regeibat | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Complex stratification
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        16-25%
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Asben | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Elite stratification
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        26-35%
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Azjer | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Elite stratification
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        26-35%
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Sakata | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Ifora | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Elite stratification
                        
                            (1944)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        16-25%
                        
                            (1944)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Udalan Tuareg | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Elite stratification
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Daza | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1880)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        36-45%
                        
                            (1880)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Drawa | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Elite stratification
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Chaambra | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Elite stratification
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        16-25%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Delim | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Elite stratification
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        16-25%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Kunta | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Elite stratification
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        16-25%
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Trarza | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Elite stratification
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        26-35%
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Teda | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1950) [Nomads of Tibesti]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1950) [Nomads of Tibesti]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Zenaga | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Elite stratification
                        
                            (1910) [with special reference to the more nomadic northern groups]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        26-35%
                        
                            (1910) [with special reference to the more nomadic northern groups]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Mbuti | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1930) [Epulu net-hunters, Ituri forest]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1930) [Epulu net-hunters, Ituri forest]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Songo | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1930) [with reference to the tribe of this name on the Luniunga and Gobari rivers]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1930) [with reference to the tribe of this name on the Luniunga and Gobari rivers]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Siwans | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1920) [inhabitants of the oasis of Siwa]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1920) [inhabitants of the oasis of Siwa]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Mzab | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        86-100%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Kel Antessar | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Elite stratification
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        26-35%
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Kababish | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        6-15%
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Barabish | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Elite stratification
                        
                            (1950) [Timbuctoo]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        6-15%
                        
                            (1950) [Timbuctoo]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Aulliminden | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Elite stratification
                        
                            (1890)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        26-35%
                        
                            (1890)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Tuareg Ahaggar | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Elite stratification
                        
                            (1920) [Ahaggaren tribe]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        26-35%
                        
                            (1920) [Ahaggaren tribe]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Barabra | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1920) [Kenuzi Nubians of Dahmit]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1920) [Kenuzi Nubians of Dahmit]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Zekara | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        36-45%
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Guanche | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1500)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1500)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Yanzi | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Algerians | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Complex stratification
                        
                            (1870)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1870)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Hamama | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        26-35%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Jebala | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Moroccans | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Complex stratification
                        
                            (1930) [with special reference to those in the hinterlandof Casablanca]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1930) [with special reference to those in the hinterlandof Casablanca]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Nail | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        16-25%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Saadi | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Elite stratification
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        26-35%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Sahel | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Complex stratification
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Egyptians | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Complex stratification
                        
                            (1950) [Town and environs of Silwa]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1950) [Town and environs of Silwa]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Luchazi | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Tunisians | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Complex stratification
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Riffians | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1920) [Entirety: Moroccan]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1920) [Entirety: Moroccan]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Kabyle | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1890)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1890)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Shluh | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1920) [with special reference to those of the Grand Atlas Mountains]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1920) [with special reference to those of the Grand Atlas Mountains]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Ancient Egyptians | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Complex stratification
                        
                            (-1400) [with special reference to the New Empire]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (-1400) [with special reference to the New Empire]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Beraber | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1910) [with special reference to the Zemmur tribe]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1910) [with special reference to the Zemmur tribe]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Shawiya | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Gheg | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1900) [Mountain Gheg of No. Albania]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1900) [Mountain Gheg of No. Albania]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Portuguese | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Complex stratification
                        
                            (1950) [with special reference to the village of Rio de Onor in the extreme northeast]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1950) [with special reference to the village of Rio de Onor in the extreme northeast]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Ancient Romans | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Complex stratification
                        
                            (100) [City and environs of Rome]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (100) [City and environs of Rome]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | French Basques | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Complex stratification
                        
                            (1930) [Labourd]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1930) [Labourd]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Neapolitans | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Complex stratification
                        
                            (1960) [with special reference to the inhabitants of the city of Naples and its immediate environs]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        76-85%
                        
                            (1960) [with special reference to the inhabitants of the city of Naples and its immediate environs]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Spaniards | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Complex stratification
                        
                            (1950) [with special reference to the inhabitants of Andalusia]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1950) [with special reference to the inhabitants of Andalusia]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Greeks | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Complex stratification
                        
                            (1950) [with special reference to the village of Vasilika]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1950) [with special reference to the village of Vasilika]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Spanish Basques | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Complex stratification
                        
                            (1934) [with special reference to the village of Vera]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1934) [with special reference to the village of Vera]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | New Englanders | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Complex stratification
                        
                            (1920) [Small City in Connecticut]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1920) [Small City in Connecticut]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Boers | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Elite stratification
                        
                            (1850) [of the Transvaal]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        6-15%
                        
                            (1850) [of the Transvaal]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Tristan da Cunha | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        36-45%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Brazilians | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Complex stratification
                        
                            (1940) [with special reference to the village of Cruz das Almas near Sao Paulo]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1940) [with special reference to the village of Cruz das Almas near Sao Paulo]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | French Canadians | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Complex stratification
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Dutch | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Complex stratification
                        
                            (1950) [with special reference to the village of Anderen in Anlo parish of Drente province]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1950) [with special reference to the village of Anderen in Anlo parish of Drente province]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Icelanders | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Elite stratification
                        
                            (1100)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        6-15%
                        
                            (1100)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Irish | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Complex stratification
                        
                            (1930) [County Clare]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1930) [County Clare]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Sami | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1950) [Konkama District]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1950) [Konkama District]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Walloons | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Complex stratification
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Serbs | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Complex stratification
                        
                            (1950) [with special reference to the village of Orasac]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1950) [with special reference to the village of Orasac]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Russians | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Complex stratification
                        
                            (1955) [Viriatino Village]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1955) [Viriatino Village]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Bashkir | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Complex stratification
                        
                            (1899) [with special reference to the Birskij Uezd Bashkir]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1899) [with special reference to the Birskij Uezd Bashkir]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Bemba | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1900) [Zambia branch]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1900) [Zambia branch]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Besermyan | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1894) [with special reference to the Glazovskij Uezd Besermyan]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        86-100%
                        
                            (1894) [with special reference to the Glazovskij Uezd Besermyan]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Chuvash | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1908) [with special reference to the Virjal group]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        86-100%
                        
                            (1908) [with special reference to the Virjal group]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Erzya Mordvins | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Elite stratification
                        
                            (1895) [with special reference to those of the Boklinskij Uezd]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        76-85%
                        
                            (1895) [with special reference to those of the Boklinskij Uezd]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Estonians | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Complex stratification
                        
                            (1908) [with special reference to the Valkskij Uezd]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1908) [with special reference to the Valkskij Uezd]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Gagauz | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1894) [with special reference to those of the Benderskij Uezd]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1894) [with special reference to those of the Benderskij Uezd]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Ingrians | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1927) [with special reference to those of the Kingisepp Rajon, the Leningrad Region]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1927) [with special reference to those of the Kingisepp Rajon, the Leningrad Region]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Karelians | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1874) [with special reference to the Livvikjoj group of the Olonetskij Uezd]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        26-35%
                        
                            (1874) [with special reference to the Livvikjoj group of the Olonetskij Uezd]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Hutsuls | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1890)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        36-45%
                        
                            (1890)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Kazan tatar | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Complex stratification
                        
                            (1910) [with special reference to those of the Altayrskij Uezd]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1910) [with special reference to those of the Altayrskij Uezd]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Latvians | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Complex stratification
                        
                            (1881) [with special reference to the Vidzeme group]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1881) [with special reference to the Vidzeme group]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Plateau Tonga | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1940)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1940)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Lithuanian Karaim | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Complex stratification
                        
                            (1895) [with special reference to those of the Trakaj area]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        76-85%
                        
                            (1895) [with special reference to those of the Trakaj area]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Lithuanian Tatar | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Complex stratification
                        
                            (1905) [with special reference to those of the Vilenskaja Gubernija]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        86-100%
                        
                            (1905) [with special reference to those of the Vilenskaja Gubernija]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Livs | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1847) [with special reference to the Northwest Courland]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        6-15%
                        
                            (1847) [with special reference to the Northwest Courland]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Moldovans | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Complex stratification
                        
                            (1900) [with special reference to the Beletskij Uezd]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1900) [with special reference to the Beletskij Uezd]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Udmurt | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1890) [with special reference to those of the Sarapul'skij Uezd]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        86-100%
                        
                            (1890) [with special reference to those of the Sarapul'skij Uezd]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Veps | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1900) [with special reference to the Petrozavodskij Uezd Veps]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1900) [with special reference to the Petrozavodskij Uezd Veps]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Votes | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1900) [with special reference to those of the Yamburg Uezd]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1900) [with special reference to those of the Yamburg Uezd]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Czechs | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Complex stratification
                        
                            (1940) [with special reference to the Hana district of central Moravia]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1940) [with special reference to the Hana district of central Moravia]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Mari | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Elite stratification
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Bulgarians | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Complex stratification
                        
                            (1940) [with special reference to the village of Dragelevtsy]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        76-85%
                        
                            (1940) [with special reference to the village of Dragelevtsy]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Buye | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Byelorussians | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Complex stratification
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Ukrainians | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Complex stratification
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Magyar | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Complex stratification
                        
                            (1940)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1940)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Lithuanians | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Complex stratification
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Kalmyk | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1920) [with special reference to the Baga Dorbed group]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        6-15%
                        
                            (1920) [with special reference to the Baga Dorbed group]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Armenians | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1900) [Vicinity of Erevan]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1900) [Vicinity of Erevan]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Kurd | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1940)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1940)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Abkhaz | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Complex stratification
                        
                            (1880) [Abkhaz Tribe]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        26-35%
                        
                            (1880) [Abkhaz Tribe]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Khevsur | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Kaonde | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Cherkess | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Turks | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Complex stratification
                        
                            (1950) [Northern Anatolian Plateau]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1950) [Northern Anatolian Plateau]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Ossetians | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1880)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        36-45%
                        
                            (1880)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Georgians | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1850)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1850)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Syrians | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Elite stratification
                        
                            (1950) [with special reference to the village of Tell Toqaan]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1950) [with special reference to the village of Tell Toqaan]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Madan | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1950) [with special reference to the village of ech-Chibayish]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        26-35%
                        
                            (1950) [with special reference to the village of ech-Chibayish]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Rwala | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1920) [Unspecified]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1920) [Unspecified]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Hebrews | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (-800)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        36-45%
                        
                            (-800)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Lala | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1940)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1940)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Babylonians | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Complex stratification
                        
                            (-2000) [City and environs of Babylon]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (-2000) [City and environs of Babylon]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Jordanians | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Complex stratification
                        
                            (1950) [with special reference to the sedentary population]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1950) [with special reference to the sedentary population]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Lebanese | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Complex stratification
                        
                            (1950) [with special reference to the village of Munsif]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1950) [with special reference to the village of Munsif]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Druze | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1930) [with special reference to those of Mount Carmel in Israel]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        86-100%
                        
                            (1930) [with special reference to those of Mount Carmel in Israel]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Yemeni | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Sindhi | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Elite stratification
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Marri | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1950) [with special reference to the more nomadic groups]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        36-45%
                        
                            (1950) [with special reference to the more nomadic groups]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Ghilzai | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Complex stratification
                        
                            (1950) [with special reference to the Ghilzai tribe]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1950) [with special reference to the Ghilzai tribe]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Qashqui | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1940)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        6-15%
                        
                            (1940)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Sandawe | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Luapula | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1940)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1940)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Punjabi | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1950) [Mohla Village]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        76-85%
                        
                            (1950) [Mohla Village]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Yusufzai | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Complex stratification
                        
                            (1950) [with special reference to the Yusufsai of Swat]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1950) [with special reference to the Yusufsai of Swat]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Hazara | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1930) [with special reference to the Urazgani]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1930) [with special reference to the Urazgani]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Kohistani | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Elite stratification
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        36-45%
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Nuristani | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1890)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1890)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Basseri | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1958) [Nomadic branch]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        6-15%
                        
                            (1958) [Nomadic branch]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Moghol | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Bakhtiari | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        6-15%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Iranians | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Elite stratification
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Kazakh | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1910) [Great Horde]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        6-15%
                        
                            (1910) [Great Horde]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Tu | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Khalka | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1940) [Narobanchin Territory]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        6-15%
                        
                            (1940) [Narobanchin Territory]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Dagur | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1940) [with special reference to the Botaha area]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1940) [with special reference to the Botaha area]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Turkmen | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1910) [with special reference to the sedentary Teke of the Merv oasis]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1910) [with special reference to the sedentary Teke of the Merv oasis]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Buryat | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1900) [with special reference to those southeast of Lake Baikal]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        6-15%
                        
                            (1900) [with special reference to those southeast of Lake Baikal]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Chahar | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        6-15%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Nivkh | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1920) [Sakhalin Island]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1920) [Sakhalin Island]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Ob Ostyak | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1880) [with special reference to those on the Ob River]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1880) [with special reference to those on the Ob River]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Selkup | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Tumbuka | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Nganasan | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1930) [Avam (Western) group]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1930) [Avam (Western) group]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Itelmen | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1710) [those of Eastern Kamchatka]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1710) [those of Eastern Kamchatka]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Ungazikmit | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1880) [those of South-Eastern Chukotka]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1880) [those of South-Eastern Chukotka]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Mansi | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1880) [Middle Northern Sos'va group]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1880) [Middle Northern Sos'va group]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Evenk | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1890) [Barguzin group]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1890) [Barguzin group]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Negidal | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1890) [Upper Amgun' River group]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1890) [Upper Amgun' River group]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Ulch | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1890) [Ulch people as a whole]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1890) [Ulch people as a whole]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Orok | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1890) [Northern group]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1890) [Northern group]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Yakut | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1900) [with special reference to the Yakutsk district]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        6-15%
                        
                            (1900) [with special reference to the Yakutsk district]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Oroch | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1890) [Oroch people as a whole]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1890) [Oroch people as a whole]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Kunda | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Udihe | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1890) [Hor River group]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1890) [Hor River group]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Chukchi | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1900) [Reindeer Division]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1900) [Reindeer Division]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Yurak-Samoyeds | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1900) [Yurak Tribe]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1900) [Yurak Tribe]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Koryak | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1900) [with special reference to the Maritime Koryak]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1900) [with special reference to the Maritime Koryak]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Yukaghir | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1850) [Upper Kolyma River]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1850) [Upper Kolyma River]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Ainu | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1900) [Saru Basin in Hokkaido]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        6-15%
                        
                            (1900) [Saru Basin in Hokkaido]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Ket | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Nanai | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        16-25%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Koreans | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Complex stratification
                        
                            (1950) [Kanghwa Island]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1950) [Kanghwa Island]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Shantung | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Complex stratification
                        
                            (1930) [with special reference to the village of Taitou]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1930) [with special reference to the village of Taitou]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Nyanja | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Kiangsu | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Complex stratification
                        
                            (1936) [Kaihsienkung Village, Chekiang]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        76-85%
                        
                            (1936) [Kaihsienkung Village, Chekiang]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Lolo | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1940) [Liang Shan and Taliang S]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1940) [Liang Shan and Taliang S]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Manchu | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1920) [Aigun District]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1920) [Aigun District]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Miao | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1940) [with special reference to the Magpie (Yachio) Miao]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1940) [with special reference to the Magpie (Yachio) Miao]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Japanese | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Complex stratification
                        
                            (1950) [Okayama]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        86-100%
                        
                            (1950) [Okayama]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Min Chinese | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Complex stratification
                        
                            (1920) [with special reference to those in the hinterland of Swatow]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1920) [with special reference to those in the hinterland of Swatow]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Nyasa | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Okinawans | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Minchia | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Li | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Adi | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1940)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        36-45%
                        
                            (1940)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Burusho | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Complex stratification
                        
                            (1930) [Hunza State]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1930) [Hunza State]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Lepcha | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1930) [Lingthem and vicinity]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1930) [Lingthem and vicinity]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Central Tibetans | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Complex stratification
                        
                            (1920) [with special reference to Central Tibet]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1920) [with special reference to Central Tibet]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Shina | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1870) [with special reference to the Shina tribe]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1870) [with special reference to the Shina tribe]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Sherpa | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1950) [with special reference to those of Khumbu]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1950) [with special reference to those of Khumbu]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Kuba | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1910) [with special reference to the Bushoong, the central subtribe]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1910) [with special reference to the Bushoong, the central subtribe]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Magar | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Complex stratification
                        
                            (1950) [with special reference to the sedentary inhabitants of Banyan Hill]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1950) [with special reference to the sedentary inhabitants of Banyan Hill]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Santal | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1940) [Bankura and Berghum Districts]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1940) [Bankura and Berghum Districts]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Uttar Pradesh | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1945) [Village and environs of Senapur]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        76-85%
                        
                            (1945) [Village and environs of Senapur]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Bengali | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Complex stratification
                        
                            (1940) [with special reference t the Western or Hindu Bengali]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1940) [with special reference t the Western or Hindu Bengali]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Ho | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Bhil | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Complex stratification
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Pahari | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Complex stratification
                        
                            (1950) [with special reference to the village of Sirkanda in western Uttar Pradesh]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1950) [with special reference to the village of Sirkanda in western Uttar Pradesh]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Sena | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Kashmiri | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Complex stratification
                        
                            (1950) [with special reference to the Pandit or Sarasvati Brahmans]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1950) [with special reference to the Pandit or Sarasvati Brahmans]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Gujarati | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Complex stratification
                        
                            (1920) [Village of Atgam, Surat District; possibly also other areas]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1920) [Village of Atgam, Surat District; possibly also other areas]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Chenchu | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1940) [with special reference to the forest group]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1940) [with special reference to the forest group]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Telugu | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Complex stratification
                        
                            (1950) [with special reference to the village of Shamirpet]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1950) [with special reference to the village of Shamirpet]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Muria Gond | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1941) [Bastar State]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1941) [Bastar State]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Reddi | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1940) [with special reference to those of the Bison Hills]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1940) [with special reference to those of the Bison Hills]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Tamil | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Complex stratification
                        
                            (1880) [with special reference to the agricultural castes in Tanjore]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1880) [with special reference to the agricultural castes in Tanjore]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Madia | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1938) [Hill Maria]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1938) [Hill Maria]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Makonde | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        76-85%
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Toda | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1900) [Toda Tribe]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1900) [Toda Tribe]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Kodavas | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Complex stratification
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Kerala | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Complex stratification
                        
                            (1799) [with special reference to Northern Kerala]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1799) [with special reference to Northern Kerala]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Baiga | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Andamanese | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1870)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1870)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Merina | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Tanala | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1930) [Menabe subtribe]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1930) [Menabe subtribe]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Makua | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Vedda | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1900) [with special reference to the Rock Vedda]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1900) [with special reference to the Rock Vedda]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Nicobarese | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1890) [Car Nicobar of North Islands]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1890) [Car Nicobar of North Islands]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Sinhalese | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Complex stratification
                        
                            (1950) [with special reference to the Kandyan Sinhalese]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1950) [with special reference to the Kandyan Sinhalese]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Antandroy | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        26-35%
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Sakalava | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        36-45%
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Antaisaka | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Garo | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1900) [Rengsanggr]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        76-85%
                        
                            (1900) [Rengsanggr]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Aimol | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Thado | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Naron | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Angami | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Ao | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1920) [with special reference to the Chongli]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1920) [with special reference to the Chongli]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Sema | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Palaung | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1920) [with special reference to the Katur subtribe]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        76-85%
                        
                            (1920) [with special reference to the Katur subtribe]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Chin | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1940)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1940)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Lhota | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Burmese | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Complex stratification
                        
                            (1950) [Nondwin Village]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        76-85%
                        
                            (1950) [Nondwin Village]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Lamba | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Maras | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1930) [Lakher Tribe]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1930) [Lakher Tribe]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Kachin | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1940) [with special reference to the Jinghpaw]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1940) [with special reference to the Jinghpaw]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Purum | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Karen | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Khasi | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1900) [with special reference to those of the Jaintia Hills]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1900) [with special reference to those of the Jaintia Hills]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Lamet | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1940) [Lamet Tribe, Northwestern Laos]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1940) [Lamet Tribe, Northwestern Laos]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Rade | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1950) [Ko-Sier Village]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        76-85%
                        
                            (1950) [Ko-Sier Village]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Cham | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1950) [with special reference to the non-Muslim Cham of Vietnam]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        76-85%
                        
                            (1950) [with special reference to the non-Muslim Cham of Vietnam]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Lawa | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1960)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        76-85%
                        
                            (1960)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Muong | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1940)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1940)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Senoi | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1960) [with special reference to the eastern Semai]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1960) [with special reference to the eastern Semai]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Ancient Khmer | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Complex stratification
                        
                            (1292) [with special reference to the city and environs of Angkor Wat in 1292]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1292) [with special reference to the city and environs of Angkor Wat in 1292]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Negri Sembilan | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1958) [Inas District]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        76-85%
                        
                            (1958) [Inas District]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Mnong Gar | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1940) [with special reference to the village of Sar Luk]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1940) [with special reference to the village of Sar Luk]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Semang | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1920) [Jehai Group or subtribe]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1920) [Jehai Group or subtribe]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Annamese | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Complex stratification
                        
                            (1950) [Red River Delta in Tonkin]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1950) [Red River Delta in Tonkin]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Khmer | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Complex stratification
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Moken | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1920) [of the Mergui Archipelago]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1920) [of the Mergui Archipelago]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Akha | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Yao | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Malays | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1940) [with special reference to those of Trengganu]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1940) [with special reference to those of Trengganu]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Thai | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1940)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        76-85%
                        
                            (1940)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Atayal | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1930) [Atayal Tribe (but exdluding Sedeq)]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1930) [Atayal Tribe (but exdluding Sedeq)]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Bunun | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Puyuma | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Sugbuanon | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Complex stratification
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Badjau Tawi-Tawi | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1960) [Tawi-Tawi and adjacent islands]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        16-25%
                        
                            (1960) [Tawi-Tawi and adjacent islands]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Tao | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Manobo | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1920) [with special reference to those of the Agusan Valley]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1920) [with special reference to those of the Agusan Valley]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Kalinga | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1910) [with special reference to the northern Kalinga]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1910) [with special reference to the northern Kalinga]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Yombe | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Sagada | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Ifugao | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1920) [Kiangan Group]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1920) [Kiangan Group]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Subanun | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1950) [with special reference to the Eastern Subanun]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        86-100%
                        
                            (1950) [with special reference to the Eastern Subanun]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Hanunoo | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Paiwan | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1930) [Su-Paiwan Village]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1930) [Su-Paiwan Village]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Tagbanua | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Bontok | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Elite stratification
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Ami | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1930) [with special reference to the southern Ami]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1930) [with special reference to the southern Ami]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Ngoni | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1940) [with special reference to the Mpezeni group of Fort Jameson]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1940) [with special reference to the Mpezeni group of Fort Jameson]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Iban | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1950) [Ulu Ai Group, Baleh]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1950) [Ulu Ai Group, Baleh]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Javanese | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Complex stratification
                        
                            (1950) [Town and environs of Pare; Modjokuto]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        76-85%
                        
                            (1950) [Town and environs of Pare; Modjokuto]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Balinese | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Complex stratification
                        
                            (1950) [Tihingan Village]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1950) [Tihingan Village]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Toba Batak | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1930) [with special reference to the Toba group]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1930) [with special reference to the Toba group]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Kadazan-Dusun | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1920) [with special reference to the village of Sensuron]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1920) [with special reference to the village of Sensuron]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Minangkabau | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Mentaweians | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1920) [with special reference to those of North Pageh]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1920) [with special reference to those of North Pageh]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Anak Dalam | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1900) [with special reference to the Ridan group]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        16-25%
                        
                            (1900) [with special reference to the Ridan group]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Macassarese | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1940) [Borongloe]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1940) [Borongloe]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Bajuni | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        36-45%
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Tobelorese | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1910) [Tobelo District]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1910) [Tobelo District]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Ambonese | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1950) [Allang]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1950) [Allang]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Sumbawanese | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1951) [with special reference to the village of Rarak in Western Sumbawa]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1951) [with special reference to the village of Rarak in Western Sumbawa]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Alorese | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1940) [Abui of Atimelang Village]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1940) [Abui of Atimelang Village]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Belu | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1950) [with special reference to the Mountain Belu]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1950) [with special reference to the Mountain Belu]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Rotinese | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Toradja | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1910) [Bare'e subgroup]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1910) [Bare'e subgroup]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Tanimbarese | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Ili-Mandiri | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1920) [with special reference to the village of Leloba in E. Flores]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1920) [with special reference to the village of Leloba in E. Flores]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Shambaa | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Kei | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1890)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1890)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Sumbanese | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1930) [with special reference to eastern Sumba]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1930) [with special reference to eastern Sumba]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Northern Aranda | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1900) [Alice Springs and environs]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1900) [Alice Springs and environs]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Walbiri | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Gidjingali | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Yir Yoront | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Anindilyagwa | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Yolngu, Dhuwal | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Tiwi | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1920) [Tiwi Tribe: Melville Island]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1920) [Tiwi Tribe: Melville Island]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Diyari | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Bena | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Kariyarra | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Wikmunkan | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1920) [with special reference to the Archer River group]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1920) [with special reference to the Archer River group]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Tasmanians (northwestern) | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1830)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1830)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Ngiyambaa | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Mee | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1950) [Botukebo village, Kamu Valley,  Ijaaj-Pigome confederacy]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1950) [Botukebo village, Kamu Valley,  Ijaaj-Pigome confederacy]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Motu | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1950) [with special reference to the Western Motu]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1950) [with special reference to the Western Motu]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Kakoli | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Kwoma | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1930) [Hongwam subtribe; Rumbima]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        36-45%
                        
                            (1930) [Hongwam subtribe; Rumbima]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Kiwai | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Gusii | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1940)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1940)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Miriam | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Abelam | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1930) [Kalabu; Northern Abelam]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1930) [Kalabu; Northern Abelam]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Kutubu | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1940)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        36-45%
                        
                            (1940)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Siane | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1940)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1940)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Kimam | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1940) [Bamol Village]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1940) [Bamol Village]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Marind-Amin | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1910) [with special reference to the coastal inhabitants]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        36-45%
                        
                            (1910) [with special reference to the coastal inhabitants]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Wantoat | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Koita | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Mailu | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Mekeo | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | /Xam | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1850)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1850)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Kiga | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Muju | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Koiari | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1870)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1870)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Mafulu | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Ngarawapum | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1940)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1940)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Banaro | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Busama | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1940)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1940)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Manam | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1930) [principally Tsogari]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1930) [principally Tsogari]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Arapesh | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1930) [with special reference to the Mountain Arapesh (Alitoa)]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1930) [with special reference to the Mountain Arapesh (Alitoa)]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Mimika | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        6-15%
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Fore | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Luguru | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1930) [Morogoro District]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1930) [Morogoro District]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Sio | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1964)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1964)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Soromadja | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1950) [with special reference to the village of Muramarew]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        6-15%
                        
                            (1950) [with special reference to the village of Muramarew]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Iatmul | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Dani | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1960) [with special reference to the Dugum group of the Grand Valley of the Balim River]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        86-100%
                        
                            (1960) [with special reference to the Dugum group of the Grand Valley of the Balim River]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Elema | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1920) [with special reference to those of Orokolo Bay]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        26-35%
                        
                            (1920) [with special reference to those of Orokolo Bay]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Wogeo | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1930) [Dap, Wonevaro district]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1930) [Dap, Wonevaro district]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Keraki | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Iwa | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        76-85%
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Waropen | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        16-25%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Enga | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1950) [with special reference to the Mae group]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1950) [with special reference to the Mae group]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Purari | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1910) [with special reference to the Koriki]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        16-25%
                        
                            (1910) [with special reference to the Koriki]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Orokaiva | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Palauans | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1940) [Ulimang, Badeldaob Island]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1940) [Ulimang, Badeldaob Island]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Kosraeans | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Bikinians | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1940)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1940)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Nauruans | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Makin | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1890) [Makin and Butiritari Islands (N)]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        36-45%
                        
                            (1890) [Makin and Butiritari Islands (N)]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Ngonde | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Carolinians | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Lamotrek | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1960)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1960)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Marshallese - Jaluit atoll | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1900) [with special reference to the island of Jaluit]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        36-45%
                        
                            (1900) [with special reference to the island of Jaluit]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Trukese | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1940) [Romonum Island]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1940) [Romonum Island]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Majuro | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1940) [With special reference to the inhabitants of Majuro]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1940) [With special reference to the inhabitants of Majuro]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Ifaluk | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1940) [with special reference to the inhabitants of Ifaluk atoll]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1940) [with special reference to the inhabitants of Ifaluk atoll]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Ponapeans | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Yapese | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1910) [Island]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1910) [Island]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Gilbert Onotoa | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1940) [with special reference to the inhabitants of Onotoa]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        36-45%
                        
                            (1940) [with special reference to the inhabitants of Onotoa]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Chamorro | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1950) [with special reference to those of Saipa]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1950) [with special reference to those of Saipa]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Safwa | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Ulithians | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Siuai | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1940) [Northeastern group]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1940) [Northeastern group]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Usiai | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Rossel Islanders | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        26-35%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Choiseulese | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1900) [with special reference to the Varisi]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1900) [with special reference to the Varisi]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Aua | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        36-45%
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Dahuni | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Trobriands | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1910) [Kiriwina Island]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1910) [Kiriwina Island]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Kaoka | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1920) [with special reference to the village of Longgu]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1920) [with special reference to the village of Longgu]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Tangu | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1930) [with special reference to Boieng Island]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1930) [with special reference to Boieng Island]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Kurtatchi | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Lesu | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1930) [Lesu Village]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        36-45%
                        
                            (1930) [Lesu Village]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Dobuans | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Ulawans | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Lakalai | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        36-45%
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Fipa | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Manus | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1920) [Peri Village]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1920) [Peri Village]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Mota | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1890)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1890)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Tannese | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1920) [Whitsands]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1920) [Whitsands]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Mbau Fijians | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1840) [Bau Chiefdom, Vanua Levu]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        36-45%
                        
                            (1840) [Bau Chiefdom, Vanua Levu]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Seniang | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1930) [Malekula Island]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1930) [Malekula Island]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Bunlap | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1950) [Bunlap Village]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1950) [Bunlap Village]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Nyoro | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Lau | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1920) [Lau Island]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1920) [Lau Island]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Ajie | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1860) [Neje Chiefdom]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1860) [Neje Chiefdom]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Rotumans | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1890)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1890)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Lifu | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Vanua Levu | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1940) [with special reference to the village of Nakaroka]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1940) [with special reference to the village of Nakaroka]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Santa Cruz Islanders | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1930) [Graciosa Bay]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1930) [Graciosa Bay]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | American Samoans | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1920) [with special reference to American Samoa]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1920) [with special reference to American Samoa]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Rennell Islanders | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Tongans | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1920) [Pangai]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1920) [Pangai]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Uveans | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1830)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1830)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Nyamwezi | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1920)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Upolu Samoans | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1829)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1829)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Tikopia | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1930) [Ravenga District]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1930) [Ravenga District]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Pukapukans | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Ellice | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1890) [with special reference to the inhabitants of Vaitupu]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        36-45%
                        
                            (1890) [with special reference to the inhabitants of Vaitupu]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Ontong Java | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Wealth distinctions
                        
                            (1920) [Leuenuwa, Lord Howe's Islanders]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1920) [Leuenuwa, Lord Howe's Islanders]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Tokelau | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1900) [with special reference to Atafu]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        36-45%
                        
                            (1900) [with special reference to Atafu]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Kapingamarangi | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Futunans | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1840)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1840)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Niueans | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1840)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1840)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Mangaians | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1820)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1820)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Pimbwe | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Māori | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1820) [Nga Puhi Tribe]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        36-45%
                        
                            (1820) [Nga Puhi Tribe]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Marquesans | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Manihikians | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1850)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1850)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Raroians | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        36-45%
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Hawaiians | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1800)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1800)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Mangarevans | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        36-45%
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Tahitians | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Easter Islanders | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1860)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Hadza | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1910) [Hatsa Kindiga Tribe]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1910) [Hatsa Kindiga Tribe]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Sukuma | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1950)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Sangu | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        36-45%
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Gogo | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Rangi | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1900)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Turu | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        46-55%
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Kwere | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1880)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        66-75%
                        
                            (1880)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Zigula | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1880)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1880)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Hadimu | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1930)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Chagga | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Dual stratification
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        56-65%
                        
                            (1910)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Wadatkuht | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1870)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        0-5%
                        
                            (1870)
                        
                     
                 
             | 
        
                    
            | Spring Valley Shoshoni | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        Absence of distinctions
                        
                            (1870) [including the Shoshoni of Snake and Antelope Valleys]
                        
                     
                 
             | 
            
                
                    - 
                        
 
                        6-15%
                        
                            (1870) [including the Shoshoni of Snake and Antelope Valleys]
                        
                     
                 
             |